ABSTRACT
Due to the impact of COVID-19, most Chinese universities have launched livestream teaching. Faced with this significant change of teaching mode, teachers experienced different emotions, including predominant negative emotions such as anxiety, stress, and anger, alongside a few positive emotions like satisfaction, love, and happiness. With the rising attention on teacher emotion research, this study explores the emotional experiences of five Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in livestream teaching. Drawing from data collected via interviews and case documents, it examines the causes of these teachers' emotions and the impact thereof on their sustainable professional development. The findings suggest that teacher emotions were produced through the interaction between teachers' goals and the environment, which included students' performance, features of livestream teaching, and the institutional livestream teaching requirements. The impacts of teacher emotions on their sustainable professional development were identified: deepening teachers' understanding of online teaching, shaping teacher identities, and motivating teachers to take action. Implications regarding developing teachers' coping strategies for various emotions and sustaining their professional development in online teaching are also included.
ABSTRACT
Background and aims: Little is known regarding the antibody responses of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). We aim to evaluate the antibody responses and explore the impact of immunosuppressants on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in AILD.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study and included participants been healthy as controls and AILD. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded. IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein (anti-RBD-IgG) and Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were tested after the COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results: 76 patients and 136 healthy controls (HC) were included. All AEs were mild and self-limiting, and the incidences were similar between AILD and HC groups. The seropositivity rates of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs in AILD were 97.4% (100% in HC, p = 0.13) and 63.2% (84.6% in HC, p < 0.001), respectively. The titers of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs were significantly lower in AILD compared with HC. After adjusting for confounders, immunosuppressive therapy was an independent risk factor for the low-level anti-RBD-IgG (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-15.2; p = 0.01) and reduced probability of NAbs seropositivity (AOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.9; p = 0.04) in AILD patients. However, regardless of immunosuppressants, the SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells responses were comparable between AILD and HC groups.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine is safe, but its immunogenicity is compromised in patients with AILD. Moreover, immunosuppressants are significantly associated with poor antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.